石墨固体自润滑材料研究现状

Review on graphite particles reinforced solid self-lubrication materials

石墨材料的结构决定其自润滑的性能表现,并且在复杂环境下比在真空环境下表现出更好的润滑性能,石墨复合材料也表现出良好的润滑性能。但石墨材料的润滑性能并不与石墨含量成正比关系,同时石墨的粒度和结构形态都对其润滑性能有着重要的影响。固体自润滑材料大体分两类:整体自润滑材料和表层自润滑材料,而常见的整体固体自润滑复合材料的工艺方法有半固态铸造和粉末冶金两种。表层固体自润滑材料大多数是采用铸渗工艺。表层自润滑复合材料可以在保证基体材料本身具有优异力学性能的基础上具有自润滑、耐磨损等特殊性能,而且利用表层润滑大大节约了原材料和生产时间,因此表层固体自润滑材料成为将来研究发展的趋势。

Structure of graphite composite determines its self-lubricating property,and its lubrication in a complicated environment is better than that in vacuum.But the self-lubricating property of graphite composite is not proportional to the graphite content,and the size and struc-ture of the graphite have also important influences on the self-lubricating property of graphite composite.Solid self-lubricating materials can be classified into bulk self-lubricating and surface self-lubricating materials.The preparing methods for bulk self-lubricating materials include semi-solid casting and powder metallurgy.Surface self-lubricating materials are produced with cast-penatration process.Besides good mechanical properties of the substrate,the surface composites also possesses good properties of self-lubrication and wear-resistance.With surface self-lubricating technology,a lot of raw materials and production time can be saved,so surface self-lubricating materials will be the trend in future research works.