试论1920—30年代的江苏省农业仓库建设

Agricultural warehouse construction of Jiangsu Province in 1920-30s

1920年代,江苏仓储废弛,谷贱伤农,农民苦于高利贷的盘剥,农业危机日趋严重。为了救济农村,江苏省政府大力推行农业仓库建设,抗战前基本完成了全省的农业仓库网络建设。农业仓库办理农产储押、加工、运销等业务。江苏省农业仓库建设既有利于备荒自救,平抑粮价,具有传统的仓储意义,对于增加农民收入救济农村金融也起到了一定的作用,但是也存在一些不足,由于在制度设计、经营管理上还存在一些问题,大大制约了农业仓库的成效,出现了"农民不相信农业仓库,中小农民受益较少,利益被地主豪绅窃取"的现象,与"政府调剂农村金融、发展农业生产从而复兴农村"的目的尚有一定距离。

In the 1920-30s, storage had been neglected and warehouses out of repairs. The declining price of grain had hurt the peasants. The peasant suffered from the exploitation of usury and the agricultural crisis was becoming grave day by day in Jiangsu Province. In order to relieve distressed rural areas, Jiangsu provincial government carried out the construction of agricultural warehouses. By the break-out of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Invasion, the whole network of the agricultural warehouse had been basically completed. Agricultural warehouses handled such business as storage , mortgaging, processing , transportation and sales of agricultural products. The agricultural warehouse construction was beneficial to preparing against natural disasters, to setting aside for future use and to stabilizing grain price, which kept the traditional significance of storage. It also helped increase the peasants＇income and relieve agrarian finance. But there were still a lot of insufficiencies in the agricultural warehouse system and management such as agrarian distrust, lack of benefit for middle-peasants, landlords manipulations： hence a long way to go to realize the govemment＇s goal of governmental readjustment of rural finance and rejuvenate rural areas with agricultural development.