爆破地震波特性研究

Study on Characteristics of Blasting-Caused Seismic Wave

结合现场爆破震动信号,从爆破地震波的传播形式、传播方式、波的特征、波的衰减吸收及传播介质的力学模型等方面分析了爆破地震波特性。结果表明:爆破地震波是一种与自然地震波相似但又相区别的非常复杂的随机过程,它是不同幅值、不同频率与不同相位的各种波型叠加而成的复合波。爆破地震波在传播过程中会发生多次反射、折射、绕射、衍射、波型转换甚至波导、层间波等复杂现象,传播过程中波的有关参数和时频特征常与爆源条件、传播介质的物理性质、场地特征及地形等因素紧密相关。地震波在发生几何衰减的同时,还因粘弹性介质的内摩擦和热传导导致能量耗散,使得波能不断衰减。

Combined with the data collected from the in - site monitoring of blasting vibration, the characteristics of blasting - caused seismic wave are analyzed comprehensively from its propagation form, propagation mode, properties, attenuation, absorption and the mechanics model of propagation mediums. The results show that blasting - caused seismic wave, which is a very complex random process resembling to be diffence from seismic wave, is a composite wave composed of kinds of waves with different ranges, frequencies and phases. In the propagation processes of blasting- caused seismic wave, complex phenomena such as many times of wave reflection, refraction, diffraction and wave type diversion even wave - guide and layer wave will happen, and relational parameters and time -frequency characteristics of waves are closely related to the conditions of explosion source, physical properties of propagation medium, field charac-teristics and terrain. The dissipation of wave energy caused by the inner friction and heat exchange of viscous - elastic mediums accompanied with its geometry attenuation induces the gradual attenuation of wave energy.