微波法提取油茶叶总黄酮的工艺研究

Research on the Technology of Extracting Total Flavonoids from Camellia Oleifera Leaves by Microwave Method

[目的]为油茶资源的高效开发和综合利用提供一些参考依据。[方法]利用微波法提取油茶叶中的总黄酮,探讨了乙醇浓度、固液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数等因素对总黄酮得率的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了提取的最佳工艺条件。[结果]在单因素试验中,油茶叶总黄酮得率随微波作用时间的增加先升后降,随着乙醇浓度的增加先增大后减小,随温度的升高而升高,但过高温度会使得率降低。正交试验、方差分析及显著性检验结果表明:4个因素对总黄酮得率的影响大小依次为:乙醇浓度>提取温度>固液比>提取时间。微波法提取油茶叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:用50%乙醇,固液比1∶20,在80℃条件下提取8min,连续提取2次,总黄酮得率为48.53mg/g。[结论]微波提取法能有效降低生产成本,提高经济效益。

Objective The aim of the study was to provide some reference foundation for the high-efficient development and comprehensive utilization of Camellia oleifera resources.Method Total flavonoids were extracted from C.oleifera leaves by microwave method.The influences of the factors such as ethanol concentration,ratio of solid to liquid,extraction temperature,time and frequency on the yield of total flavonoids were discussed.The optimum technic condition for the extraction was confirmed through single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.Result In the single-factor experiments,the yield of total flavonoids from C.oleifera leaves increased firstly and then decreased along with the increment of time of microwave and ethanol concentration,increased along with the increment of temperature,but too high temperature would decrease the yield.The results from orthogonal experiment,variance analysis and significance test showed that the influence order of 4 factors on the yield of total flavonoids was ethanol concentration 〉 extraction temperature 〉 ratio of solid to liquid 〉 extraction time.The optimum technology condition of extracting total flavonoids from C.oleifera leaves by microwave method was with 50 % ethanol,ratio of solid to liquid of 1：20,temperature at 80 ℃,extraction time of 8 min and extraction times of 2,under which the yield of total flavonoids was 48.53 mg/g.Conclusion Microwave extraction can reduce producing cost effectively and enhance economic benefit.