“杂家”鲁迅及其“杂学”

Lu Xun as an"Eclectics"and"the Variety Knowledge"

鲁迅,在不同的历史时期,被赋予了各种各样的名目:文学家、思想家、革命家、翻译家、教育家、美术家、编辑家、国学家等等。这些名目仅仅能概括鲁迅思想肖像的一个侧面,而不足以包举鲁迅整个的思想地图。鲁迅,只有"杂家"这一个名目才足以囊括其全部风貌。之所以给鲁迅杂家的定位,是与其杂学的知识结构紧密相关的。其杂学,一言以蔽之曰"三四之学":四库之学、四野之学和四洋之学。

In the different of the times, Lu Xun was called by all kinds of names, such as litterateur, thinker, revolutionist, translator, educationist, artist, editor, the expert of the Chinese culture and so on, But each item is only relative to one side of the Lu Xun＇s thinking images, not to the whole map of his thinking. The whole map of his views can only be named ＂eclectics＂ because of his knowledge composed of＂the variety knowledge＂. ＂The variety knowledge＂ was composed of three parts, namely, the knowledge of＂Si Ku Xue＂, ＂the unofficial culture＂ and ＂the foreign culture＂.