违约责任中的所获利益赔偿研究

Study of Disgorgement Interests Compensation in Contractual Liability

传统合同损害赔偿中的利益分为期待利益、信赖利益和回复利益,它们都严格以"受害方的损害"为中心。实践中,所获利益赔偿作为一种独立的赔偿利益已经获得某些国家司法实践的认可。所获利益存在的根据在于这种利益能够更好地实现合同利益均衡以及合同法的目的和政策,因为合同法基于某些原因不可避免地具有行为禁止或威慑的功能。所获利益赔偿具有比较独特的构成要件,该构成要件强调违约人获得利益、违约人获得利益与违约行为之间有因果关系以及期待利益赔偿不能实现合同目的或合同法的目的。传统的损害赔偿模式不能有效解释在实践中应赋予所获利益赔偿的类型。当然,所获赔偿没有也不可能颠覆传统的损害赔偿原则,但确实提供了有力补充。

The interests of traditional damages tution interests, which are based on the notion of consist of expectation interests, reliance interests and restidamages of the injured. In practice, disgorgement interests have been recognized in the some countries. The basis of granting disgorgement is that this interest can accomplish the balance of contract and the purpose of contract and correlative policy, because contract law inevitably has the function of prohibition and deterrence. The damages of disgorgement interests have the peculiar elements, which emphasize the causation between the gain of breaching party and breach, and emphasize that expectation interests can＇t satisfy the purpose of contract and contract law. Traditional mode of damages can＇ t explain the practice that should grant disgorgement interests. Of course, the disgorgement interests is complementary to the damages-based rule.