北柴胡胚和胚乳的发育及对其种子萌发的影响

The Development of Embryo and Endosperm and Its Influence on the Germination of Seeds of Bupleurum chinense

利用常规石蜡制片技术对北柴胡胚和胚乳的发育及对其种子萌发的影响进行了观察。结果表明北柴胡胚的发育属于茄型,基细胞进行一次横分裂后不再分裂,因而胚柄不发达,且很早解体。胚乳的发育属于核型,初生胚孔核的分裂远远早于受精卵的分裂。对果实采收时期胚发育状况进行统计发现,在被测采收期果实中有20%的果实的胚处于球形胚阶段,70%处于心形胚,只有10%处于鱼雷胚,说明北柴胡种子采收时胚处于不同的发育阶段,存在形态后熟现象,这是北柴胡种子萌发难、萌发率低且出苗不整齐的主要因素。

The development of embryo and endosperm and its influence on the germination of seeds of Bupleurum chinense were studied by means of paraffin section. The development of embryo belongs to the solanad type. The basal cell dose not divide again after the first transverse division, so the suspensor is not well developed and dissolved early. The development of the endosperm is of nuclear type. The division of primary endosperm nucleus is prior to that of zygote. According to the statistics of the embryo development stage after seeds were collected, it is found that in all the seeds observed, embryo of 20% of the seeds belong to globular proembryo stage, 70% is heart-shaped embryo, 10% is torpedo embryo stage. The results showed that the developmental stage of the embryo in the collected seeds of Bupleurum chinense is different and the seeds have morphological post-maturation. This is the main reason why the seeds of Bupleurum chinense are difficult to germinate and the ratio of germination is very low.