津海关事件中总税务司梅乐和的“完整性”政策探析

Approach Inspector General Frederick William Maze's policy to keep the customs' integrity in Tianjin customs incident

由于军事、财政等原因,1930年6月晋系军阀阎锡山接管了津海关,对于中国近代以来由外人管辖下的海关是一次严重的冲击,各方从自身的利益出发均做出了不同的反应,而总税务司梅乐和提出了维护海关"完整性"的政策,并力图使海关超然于政治漩涡之外。然而中国当时外无主权、内无统一,海关必不能超脱,梅乐和的政策实际上是妥协、退让,牺牲中国的权益来维护海关的"完整性",保持海关在其统治下的完整性。

Abstract：For the military and financial reasons and so on,in June of the year 1930, the warlord Yan Xishan who was in Shanxi took over Tianjin customs,as to the customs which were governed by the foreigners since the modern times,it was a heavy attack. Thinking about the benefit,each had different responses,while Inspector General Frederick William Maze put forward the policy to keep the customs＇ integrity,and tried hard to make the customs aloof from the political whirlpool. But at that time,China didn＇t have the sovereignty outside, unity inside yet, the customs must not be detached. In fact,Maze＇s policy is compromise and concession, which keep the customs＇ integrity at the expense of China＇s benefit,made the eustoms governed by himself completely.