生态系统服务的供给、消费和价值化

Supply,Consumption and Valuation of Ecosystem Services in China

生态系统服务是生态经济学最为重要的概念之一,尽管20世纪90年代中期以来,生态系统服务及其价值化的研究已经成为生态学研究的一个热点领域,开展了一系列研究并取得了重要进展,但生态系统服务的供给-消费-价值化目前还没有形成成熟的理论基础。本文根据计量经济学理论和生态服务研究积累的理论成果,试图构建一个生态服务生产-消费-价值化的理论分析基础和方法框架,提出生态服务生产函数、生态服务成本函数可以被看成是生态服务生产的主要理论基础和分析方法;生态服务消费函数和生态服务效用函数可以被看成是生态服务消费的主要理论基础和分析方法,生态服务效用价值理论、生态服务生产者和消费者剩余理论、生态服务个人偏好与支付意愿理论可以被认为基本形成了生态服务价值化的理论基础和评估方法。

The ecosystem service has been become one of most important concepts advanced by ecological economists. Being a research hotspot in field of ecological economics since 1990s, the ecosystem service and its value has been widely studied and appraised. However, the process and characteristics of the supply, consumption and valuation on ecosystem service still does not well researched and have no systemic theory to explain and analyse rationally the behaviors of producer and consumers of ecosystem services. This article, in accordance with the existed econometrics theory and new knowledge involved the ecosystem services, attempts to construct a theoretical frame to describe the process of the supply, consumption and valuation of ecosystem service. In the proposed theoretical frame the ecology service production function and the ecology service cost function are regarded as its main rationale and analysis approach for analyzing its supply process; the ecosytem service consumption function and the ecosystem service utility function regarded as its main rationale and its analysis approach for analyzing its consumption process; the utility value theory, the producer and the consumer surplus theory and the payment willingness theory are allowed to form its main rationale and the appraisal method for valuation of ecosystem services.