中国杰出体育竞技人才成长因素的地理分析——以奥运冠军为例

Geographical Analysis on Development Factors of Splendid Athletes in China——Taking Olympic champions as examples

在建立奥运冠军数据库的基础上,用多元统计分析的方法总结出奥运冠军分布的时空特征,考察了影响奥运冠军成长的地理环境因素。奥运冠军籍贯分布东多西少;南北平分秋色,但力量型项目主要集中在东北和华北,技术型项目主要集中在江浙、中南和西南。父母生理素质的遗传为子女的成长提供了客观可能,但后天的刻苦训练更为重要;经济不落后的地区,有资金支持体育竞技项目,杰出体育竞技人才培养得较多;家庭经济不太好,父母才舍得让子女从事体育竞技项目,子女才肯于吃苦,更可能在力量型项目上夺得冠军。教练是影响杰出体育竞技人才成材的最关键人物;不同的自然地理环境造就不同类型的运动员;社会舆论对运动员既是压力也是动力,国家政策上的支持及对外交流,也是一个优秀运动员成长的不可缺少因素。

On the foundation of a database of Olympic champions, the characteristics of spatial and temporal disribution were summarized, geographical factors, which affect the growth of Olympic champion, were investigated, and many valuable phenomena were found out. There are more champions in the eastern China than that in the western China. Generally, athletes in events require more physical strength are usually from the northeastern Chinaand North China and those in items needed more skill come from the southwestern China ,Zhejiang,and Jiangsu provinces. There is not a close relationship between parents who were good at sports and the probability of their kids to be champions, while the rate of being champions is high in ordinary family, especially child who was brought up in poor family was more likely to be a champion. For Olympic champions themselves, coach is a key person in his development. Different natural environment nurtures athletes who were professional in different kinds of sports. The public voice is both stress on and motivity to athletes. Support from national policy and communication with aboard were also indispensable factors for a champion＇ s development.