多声话语的论辩取向

The Argumentative Orientation of Polyphonic Utterances

语言具有固有的自我论辩潜力。多声性话语的表层结构虽然是一个独白结构,深层结构却是一个由多种声音参与的对话和论辩结构,其中既有言语主体的声音,也有其他"说话人"的声音(即对先期发生的言语事件的指涉)。众声论辩指向特定的方向或结论,即言语主体的真实态度和交际意图。该论辩取向受制于论辩小品词的规约和会话含义,而与言语客体的数据变化无关;它还受制于话语的句法、语义和语用特征,与话语的命题形式一致(否定话语)或相适(反语)。

Language is endowed with the potentiality of self-argumentation. Polyphonic utterances, in spite of their monologic surface structure,have a dialogic and argumentative deep structure of muhiple voices including those of the speech subject and some other ＂speakers＂ （i. e. the previous speech events）. The polyphonic argumentation is oriented towards a specific dhection or conclusion, that is, the real attitude and communicative intention of the speech subject. This argumentative orientation is restricted by the conventional and conversational implicatures of the argumentative particles, not by the fluctuation of the data of the speech object ;it is also restricted by the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic features of the utterance and either consistent with or opposite to its propositional form.