超越应当的逻辑——马克思政治哲学的历史主义方法

Transcend the Logic of Should Be: The Historical Methodology of Marxism Political Philosophy

当代自由主义对马克思政治哲学的批评,主要集中在方法论上,不过,它所依据的,是一种从应当的道义原则出发推论出理想社会的应当的逻辑。在这一逻辑中,人与自然、自由意志与必然性、事实与价值之间的分立是一个关键点。实际上,马克思一直致力于超越应当的逻辑的方法论建构。他在历史主义基础上阐明了普遍规范的历史性质,从而将他关于共产主义的价值目标建立在对社会历史的认知性考察之上。这就使他在历史尺度与价值尺度相统一的新地基上,阐明了他区别于自由主义的政治哲学。

Contemporary liberalism criticized Marxism political philosophy, mainly concentrated in the methodology, but it is based on the logic of should be. In this logic, man and nature, free will and inevitability, and facts separated between values, is a key point. In fact, Marx afforded to transcend such a methodology. In his methodology, he explained norms on the basis of their historical nature, so he could put the goal of the establishment of communism in his cognitive about social and historical. This makes the new unified foundation of historical scale and value scale, and this explained his distinguished methodology from liberalism.