黄山市外来入侵植物分析

Studies on alien plants in Huangshan City

通过对黄山市外来植物的调查和整理分析,报道了81种外来植物,并且从入侵植物本身进行了分析,以期为外来植物预警系统的建设和对黄山的生物多样性保护提供科学依据。研究结果表明:(1)来源地评价:来自热带美洲的外来植物容易成为入侵种类并造成较大危害;(2)分类学评价:有菊科、苋科、蝶形花科具有较强的入侵能力和扩散能力,在引种这些植物种类时尤其要注意;(3)生长型评价:草本具有较强的入侵能力,藤本植物、灌木入侵能力小,造成的危害程度也较小;(4)入侵植物本身特性如繁殖能力、繁殖方式、传播特性和生存能力等决定其入侵能力。

Based on the survey ,the alien plant species in Huangshan City had been documented and analyzed. The investigation results revealed according to ： （ 1 ） invasion habits and the plant origin ： The tropical American ones showed the strongest invading habits and they had caused a great damage;（2） invasion habits and their taxonomic rank： The alien plants belonging to the families of Compositae,Amaranthacae and Papilionaceae showed a greater invasive ability and dispersive capacity than others;（3）invasion habits and vegetative form： Trees and shrubs showed the weaker invasive ability and less damage than those of climbers and herbaeeous plants;and （4）the invasive capability was related to the biotic characteristics of plants such as reproductive capacity, reproductive habits, spreading ability and viability.