3种扇贝遗传结构的RAPD分析

Genetic analysis of three species of scallops using RAPD makers

用RAPD方法对扇贝科中的虾夷扇贝、海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的基因组DNA的特异性遗传标记进行分析,筛选了43个随机引物,有13个引物获得了片段长度在250～2000 bp之间且重复性良好的谱带,每个引物分别获得了4～17个大小不等的片段,共获得了170个扩增片段,其中12个引物得到特异性片段58个,可以将两种或者3种扇贝区别开来。通过Popgene 3.2分析软件包统计表明,虾夷扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离最大,为0.2481;栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝的遗传距离次之,为0.2161;虾夷扇贝和栉孔扇贝遗传距离最小,其值为0.2133。根据遗传距离指数,用MEGA3统计软件中的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,构建系统树。

Random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）technique was applied in analyzing the specific genetic markers of three species of scallops, including Patinopecten yessoensis, Argopecten irradians and Chlamys farreri. Among the 43 primers screened, there were 13 primers produced reproducible fingerprints at molecular weights between 250-2 000 bp. 4 to 17 fragments were obtained from each primer and amplification of these fragments generated a total of 170 RAPD markers. Among these, 58 interpretable patterns generated by 12 primers were used as the genetic markers to distinguish between the three species. Analysis using PopGene 3.2 software package revealed that, the greatest genetic distance was between P. yessoensis and A. irradians at a value of 0. 248 1, which was greater than that between C. farreri and A. irradians （0. 216 1） ; while the smallest genetic distance was between P. yessoensis and C. farreri at a value of 0. 213 3. Based on genetic distance indices, UPGMA cluster analysis of the above three species was performed using MEGA3 software and the dendrogram of these species was constructed.