黄土高原地膜春小麦地上干物质累积与转运规律

Dry matter accumulation and allocation in spring wheat mulched with plastic film in Loess Plateau

通过2个生长季的大田试验,研究了黄土高原半干旱地区地膜与露地春小麦地上干物质累积、转运规律。结果表明:与露地春小麦相比,地膜春小麦单株最大叶面积增加17.16%,最大绿叶面积峰值早出现6d,开花前干物质积累量高8.97%;地膜春小麦叶片、茎秆、颖壳穗轴的输出率分别比露地春小麦高3.23%～3.67%、3.53%～4.55%和1.80%～3.63%;其转换率分别比露地春小麦高0.12%～0.46%、0.92%～1.90%和0.35%～0.87%;各非经济器官输出的干物质对籽粒干物质的贡献率比露地春小麦高1.9%～2.7%;地膜春小麦籽粒起始生长势、最大生长速率、活跃生长期均高于露地春小麦;而达最大生长速率的天数短于露地小麦;地膜春小麦籽粒灌浆期具有较强的生长势,灌浆速率快,灌浆时间长,最终表现为粒重高、产量增加36%。

A 2-year field experiment was conducted to study the accumulation and allocation of dry matter in the aboveground part of spring wheat mulched and un-mulched with plastic film in semi-arid Loess Plateau. The results showed that under mulching, the maximum leaf area of individual plant increased by 17.16% , the peak value of maximum green leaf area appeared 6 days earlier, and the dry matter accumulation rate before florescenee was 8.97% higher, compared with the control （un-mulching）. The outputs of leaf, shoot, husk, and spike-stalk of mulehed wheat were 3.23%-3.67% , 3.53%-4. 55% , and 1.80%-3.63% higher than those of unmulched wheat, respectively. Comparing with un-mulched wheat, mulched wheat had higher translocation rate of dry matter from non-economic organs to the grain, higher initial growth potential, higher maximum growth rate, longer active growth stage, and shorter duration reaehing the maximum growth rate, suggesting that film munched wheat had stronger growth potential, faster milking rate, and longer milking duration, which finally led to a higher grain mass and a 36% increment of grain yield.