加油站定量和定性系统安全评价

Qualitative and Quantitative System Safety Assessment of Gas Station

论述加油站系统单元划分方法,研究加油站工艺过程,认为事故发生的原因一方面是由于系统各单元危险源的存在和控制措施的不完善,另一方面是由于工艺过程系统节点参数(流量、压力、温度等)发生有效偏差和偏差的传递造成的。针对上述两方面原因,首先从系统安全的角度,将加油站系统划分为5部分,并应用安全检查表方法对各子系统进行了定性安全评价;然后将工艺过程划分为6个节点,应用模糊危险与可操作性研究Fuzzy-HAZOP方法,对各个节点发生有效偏差的原因进行了定量的系统安全分析,并得到半定量化结果;最终从定性和定量两个方面完成了加油站系统安全评价。

The methods of dividing assessment units of gas station are described, and the process flow is studied. It is considered that the occurrence of accidents in gas station contributes to the existence of hazards and the imperfection of control measures on the one hand, and also to the valid deviation and deviation transfer of system node parameters （ such as flow rate, pressure and temperature ） of the process flow on the other hand. Considering the two aspects, the system is firstly divided into five parts, and a qualitative safety assessment is made on each part by use of the method of safety checklist. Then, the whole process flow is divided into six nodes, and a quantitative system safety analysis is respectively made on the valid deviations of each node by use of fuzzy HAZOP （hazard and operability study）. Thereby, the semiquantitative result is obtained and the whole system safety assessment of gas station is completed.