中国北方地区水土保持措施减沙水代价分析

Analysis of the Runoff Cost for Sediment Control by Soil and Water Conservation Measures in North China

水土保持措施是减少河流泥沙的主要措施。水土保持措施在减少土壤侵蚀的同时也会减少地表径流和地表水资源量。根据目前我国北方地区水土保持对径流量和泥沙量的研究结果,比较分析了在坡面和沟道上梯田、造林、种草和坝地等水土保持措施减沙水代价,并对不同流域尺度水土保持综合措施减沙水代价进行了综合分析。研究表明,同一区域不同水土保持各单项措施减沙水代价不同;同一措施和综合措施减沙水代价存在明显的区域分异,通过选择减沙水代价较小的水土保持措施的类型和区域配置,可以在减少相同泥沙量的同时,相对增加河流水资源量。

Soil conservation can greatly influence runoff by reducing sediment into river. Runoff cost for sediment control, shown as RRS （ratio of runoff retained to sediment retained） of different soil and water conservation measures is an important integrated indicator to evaluate the impact on runoff and sediment synchronously. Based on the reported research results on the effects of soil and water conservation on runoff and sediment in North China, runoff cost for sediment control with different measures and integrated measures at different basin scales is analyzed. The regional differences of runoff cost for sediment control by integrated and individual measures are distinct. If soil and water conservation measures with a smaller RRS are adopted, more runoff can be saved in reducing the same amount of sediment and water resource conditions can be improved in the arid and semi-arid areas.