河北省唐山市山间盆地岩溶塌陷特点及成因分析——以遵化市刘备寨村岩溶塌陷为例

A Study on Formation Mechanisms and Characteristics of Karst Collapse in Intermontane Basin—Take Karst Collapse in Liubeizhai Village of Tangshan City as an Example

发生在唐山市西北部山间盆地的岩溶塌陷,具有与唐山市区不完全相同的时空分布特点。它主要发生在枯水季节末期和雨季初的交替时期;在不同厚度盖层中塌陷均有分布,不存在稳定的盖层厚度;第四系松散岩类孔隙水与岩溶水之间不形成双层水位。根据上述特点,运用抽水对土洞的形成和发展理论,说明该区岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素是大强度开采岩溶地下水,而在盖层厚度较薄的基岩与第四系交汇处,塌陷多与降雨有直接关系。针对该区塌陷灾害的分布规律,提出了防治岩溶塌陷的防治对策。

Karst collapse in intermontane basin is not completely different from that in Tangshan City. The karst collapse occurred mostly in the period between lower water and high water and it happened in loose cover of different thicknesses. In the region, water table in loose cover is the same as that in bedrock. On the basis of the characteristics, the main causes of karst collapse are analyzed in terms of the formation mechanism of soil cavity. It is found that over pumped groundwater induces karst collapse in thick cover while rainwater seepage induces karst collapse in thin cover. The measures for preventing collapse are proposed according to the distribution of the disaster.