黄土丘陵区土壤水资源评价指标与分析

Assessment Index and Its Computation of Soil Water Resource in the Loess Hilly Area

在总结土壤水研究现状和对土壤水的资源特性认识的基础上,重新定义了土壤水资源,土壤水资源是指植物根系可吸收利用的范围,其补给主要来源于大气降水,即能被植物(包括农作物)及土壤微生物所利用并可以恢复和更新的土壤水的数量;并阐述了土壤水资源的特征,它具有对降水依赖性与相关性,不易保存性或易耗散性,不可开采性与就地利用性,有效性和无效性,可调控性的特征;提出了土壤水资源的评价指标,包括土壤水资源最大存储量、可利用量、无效水资源量和实际存储量;根据评价指标初步计算了黄土丘陵区典型地区的土壤水资源。

A review on the current situation of researches on soil water resource is presented. Based on the concept of characteristics, a new definition of soil water resource is suggested. It has been pointed out that the soil water resource are defined as the renewable amount of soil water resources, which can be directly utilized for plants including crops and soil microbes at the depth where plant roots can absorb soil water. The article also expounds the characteristics of soil water resource, such as dependence on precipitation, easy consumption, beyond exploitation, validity or unavailable usability on site, and possibility to be controlled. The index system established for assessment includes four indexes, maximal stock of soil water resource, available quantity of soil water resource, unavailable quantity of soil water resource, and the amount of actual storage. According to the assessment indexes, preliminary calculation for a typical area in the loess hilly area is performed.