延安市旱作梯田水分有效保持与高效利用技术

Techniques of Effective Conservation and Efficient Use Water on Terraced Land in Yan'an City

延安地区坡耕地上水土流失引发的水分亏缺和养分下降是影响作物生产潜力的主要因素。坡耕地的水分、养分是在作物生长发育和产量形成的过程中流失掉的。梯田是坡地水土保持工程的重要措施,通过扩大梯田面积,加大农田投入,在有限的土地上提高粮食单产,是粮食生产潜力开发的主攻方向。因此,认为梯田是解决水土流失治理与粮食生产矛盾的结合点。通过对延安地区的调查研究,提出了以实现作物对有限水分高效利用为核心,改善作物生长环境和挖掘作物抗旱节水潜力二者同时并举,传统旱作技术与新技术、新方法有机结合,以品砷改良、土壤培肥、覆盖栽培与抗旱节水措施为主要内容的旱作梯田水分有效保持与高效利用技术。

Terraced land may create a better environment for crop production by moisture conservation. In addition, terraced land is more resistant to soil erosion during intense storm and sediment from terraced land is lower than that from slope land. In yan＇an, drought and poor soil fertility are the main restrictive factors for the production of dryland crops. From the practical perspective, research on the techniques of water loss and use is essential. Great attention has been paid to the management, demands, and more efficient use of the limited water resource on terraced land. In this paper, the approaches of effective conservation and efficient use of water on terraced land in Yan＇an are reviewed, including conservation tillage, mulch cultivation, limited irrigation, and introduction of water-saving varieties. Soil fertility improvement should be suitable to the local agricultural conditions in Yan＇an.