花楸树的地理分布及天然更新方式

Geographical Distribution and Patterns of Natural Regeneration of Sorbus pohuashanensis

采用文献查阅、实物标本核对和实地调查相结合，对我国花楸树野生资源的分布特点、生境以及自然更新方式等进行调查研究。结果表明：花楸树在我国由南到北，主要分布在暖温带落叶阔叶混交林区域，有少部分分布在温带针阔叶混交林区域，属于湿润山地植被带类型。花楸树作为伴生树种散生分布在山地阔叶混交林、山地针阔叶混交林、山地落叶松纯林内或林缘以及山顶灌丛4种植被带（包括12种森林群落）类型中。花楸树是低、中山分布植物，在调查范围内，花楸树分布在海拔500～2200m范围内，集中分布在1200～2000m间，在河北驼梁山、白石山、小五台山、雾灵山、塞罕坝，北京百花山、喇叭沟门，山西庞泉沟，内蒙古旺业甸林场，辽宁老秃顶子自然保护区，吉林东方红林场以及山东泰山大多分布在海拔1000m以上，黑龙江大亮子河林场和山东崂山则分布在海拔1000m以下，河北雾灵山在800～1000m间亦有分布。除在雾灵山阳坡有分布外，花楸树大多生长在半阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡以及沟谷环境中，其分布区土壤类型以山地棕壤、暗棕壤为主。海拔、气温、空气湿度可能直接影响花楸树的自然分布。其自然更新方式有实生苗繁殖更新和萌蘖（包括根蘖和桩蘖）繁殖更新2种，以桩蘖为主要的更新方式。

The natural distribution, habitat and regeneration of Sorbus pohuashanensis were studied based on literature, specimen and on-site investigations. From the south to the north of China, most of S. pohuashanensis naturally occur in the mixed broad-leaved warm temperate forest, and some of them occur in the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved temperate forest, which is part of the humid mountain vegetation zones. The species is scattered in 4 vegetation types （including 12 forest community types） ： the mixed broad-leaved mountain forest, the mixed coniferous and the broad-leaved mountain forest, the pure larch mountain forest and mountain top shrub forest. The altitudinal distribution of the species ranges from 500 to 2 200 m with mainly occuring between 1 200 and 2 000 m. In Hebei, Bejing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin and Taishan, Shandong province, most of its altitudinal distribution is above 1 000 m. However, it occurs below 1 000 m in Heilongjiang province and Laoshan, Shandong province and between 800 - 1 000 m in Wulingshan, Hebei province. The species grows mostly on semi-sunny slopes, semi-shade slopes, shade slopes and gullies, however, it grows on sunny slopes in Wulingshan, Hebei province. The mountain brown soil and dark brown soil are the main types of soil in the whole range of the species distribution. The results suggest that the altitude, temperature and air humidity may affect the distribution of the species. The species can regenerate through seeds and sprouts from roots and stumps. The stump-sprouting is the main style of regeneration.