对中国当前营销型城市增长策略的检讨

Explorations on Chinese Marketing Strategy of Urban Growth

在经济全球化、市场化和分权化所营造的激烈竞争环境中,中国许多城市政府都以促进经济增长为目标而采取了多种多样的城市营销策略,城市治理方式由传统的规制型向企业型转变,城市政府甚至演变为超级企业。文章从制度经济学的角度揭示了在城市营销过程中,地方政府和投资者结成了促进增长的利益联盟和城市增长机器,在获得表象经济增长和城市面貌巨变的同时,却带来了广泛而严峻的经济、社会与空间负效应。文章认为,必须摈弃增长型城市营销中官商结盟的纯功利模式,采取内生的、可持续的城市营销战略,推进城市政府从单一目标的"增长型政府"向综合目标的"发展型政府"的转变。

In the fierce competitive environment of economic globalization, marketization and administrative decentralization, China＇ s many urban governments have implemented various urban marketing strategies in order to promote urban economic growth. The traditional regulatory pattern of urban governance has been changed to entrepreneurial and profit-pursuing ones. Urban government has become super-level enterprise by utilizing administrative and land resources, which are monopolized by it. In this paper, from the perspective from systematic economics, it reveals that in the course of urban marketing, local governments and investors have entered into various beneficiary coalitions, and urban growth machine is formed. While such a marketing strategy obtains short- term, superficial economic growth and tremendous change of urban landscape, it has also brought wide and severe side effects in economy, society and space, and caused many problems, such as non-economy, vicious competition, spatial resource waste and social unfairness. It＇ believed that under the fierce competitive environment, pure utilitarian mode of official-business coalition should be abandoned, and endogenetic and sustainable urban marketing strategy be established, so as to give a boost to the transformation of urban government from ＇growth one with single aim＇ to ＇developing one with overall aims＇. So-called endogenetic urban marketing strategy stresses upgrading of urban long-term competitiveness and sustainable developing ability, stresses better coordination and long-term mutual action between local government and aim communities, which will cause the investment in the whole society to be benefited in a maximum way.