西南岩溶山区生态用水及其分配协调性评价——以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为例

Ecological water use and its coordination assessment in Southwest China karst mountain——A case study on Houzhai subterranean stream basin,Puding county,Guizhou province

以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为例，分别计算河道内外生态用水量及流域生态需水量，并选用协调度、满意度、合理度和差异性作为评价因子，构建了岩溶流域生态用水分配协调性的数学评价模型。研究结果表明：（1）后寨河流域枯水年（P=75％）和特枯水年（P=95％）生态用水量分别为5686．7万m^3和4732．1万m^3，当石漠化生态环境得到有效治理后，由于喀斯特径流形成过程及水资源组合分配发生了变化，天然水资源量将会减少，最终消耗于土壤或植被的蒸散发，整体上流域生态用水钉处于短缺状态，生态缺水量为833．6万m^3；（2）后寨河流域地下水资源丰富，降水充沛，流域内生态用水与社会经济用水不存在很强的竞争关系，生态缺水属工程性缺水，可以通过综合平衡地开发利用各分区的水资源等方法进行缓解；（3）应用数学评价模型研究表明，流域内生态用水的协调度为0．99944～0．99935，生态需水满意度和分配合理度均为0．878～0，856，系统生态需水满足程度的差异性较小，有利于流域内各系统整体功能的发挥。

Taking the Houzhai subterranean stream basin of Puding county as a case study, the ecological water use and ecological water requirement have been counted. By selecting the compatibility, contentment, rationality and diversity as evaluation factors, we establish a mathematic evaluation model of coordination assessment of ecological water use in karst river basin. The results show that.. （1） The volume of ecological water use in low flow year （P=75%） and in special low flow year （P=95%） is 56. 867 million m3 and 47. 321 million m^3 respectively. When rocky desertification got effectively treated, karst runoff forming procedures and water resource allocation combinations will change, which will result decrease in natural water resource. The decrease in natural water resource will ultimately used up by evaporation and evapotranspi- ration. The ecological water use is still in the state of shortage on entirety, and the ecological water deficiency will come to 8. 336 million m^3. （2）Karst groundwater and rainfall are quite abundant in Houzhai subterranean stream basin, and there is no strong competitive relationship between the ecological water use and the social water use in the river basin. The ecological water deficiency in Houzhai subterranean stream basin belongs engineering water shortage, it can be relieved by comprehensive and balanced development of water resources in each sub-area. （3）According to the ecological water use allocation mathematical model, the compatibility of ecological water use is 0. 999 44-0. 999 35, both the contentment and the rationality are 0. 878-0. 856, and the diversity are very small in different flow years, which is beneficial to give full play to the function of each sub-basin.