岩溶山区不同利用方式下土地蓄水能力研究——以重庆市中梁山为例

Study on moist conservative ability under different types of land use in karst mountain area—— A case in Zhongliang mountain,Chongqing

分析研究了中梁山岩溶山区竹林、灌丛、草地、园地、坡耕地5种土地利用方式的凋落物和土壤的蓄水功能。结果表明,自然利用的竹林地、灌丛地、草地的凋落物蓄积量和最大持水量都远远大于其余两种农耕利用的土地。当自然利用土地改为园地、坡耕地以后,其表层土壤的最大蓄水能力下降31.2%、非毛管蓄水能力下降65.5%、坡耕地的毛管蓄水能力下降34.3%。与此同时由于土地利用方式不同,还使园地整个土壤剖面(60cm)蓄水潜力增大4.4%,坡耕地蓄水潜力减少6.1%,园地、坡耕地剖面土壤非毛管蓄水能力较自然利用方式土地剖面非毛管蓄水能力下降55.7%。毛管蓄水量和前期含水量具有极显著的正相关,整个剖面毛管蓄水量和前期含水量都以园地最高。从保水能力上考虑,园地是岩溶山区开垦土地较为理想的利用方式。建议加强园地凋落物的保护;在雨季尽量不让坡耕地空闲裸露,以防止水土流失。

This text analyzes the moist conservation capacity under five types of land use （bamboo forest, shrub forest, lawn, garden, slope land） in Zhongliang mountain, Chongqing. The results indicate that the litter amount and the maximal litter moist retention on three types of natural land are bigger than the other two types of reclaimed land. If the natural land reclaimed to garden or slope land, the saturation capacity of the top-soil will fall by 31.2%, non-capillary water storage capacity fall by 65.5%, and capillary water storage capacity on slope land fall by 34. 3%. In the 60cm deep soil, the saturation capacity on garden plot increases by 4.4 % and the slope land reduces by 6.1%, their soil non-capillary water storage capacity falls by 55.7%. The content of capillary water is significantly positive correlated with the former content of soil water. The content of capillary water and the former content of soil water are highest along the whole soil profile on garden plot. In view of protecting moist conservative ability, the garden is more ideal land use type in karst mountain area. It is suggested that strengthen the protection the litter on garden plot and increase the overlay on the slope land during the rainy season.