重大地史事件、节律及圈层耦合

SIGNIFICANT GEOLOGICAL EVENTS, RHYTHMS AND INTERACTION OF DIFFERENT EARTH SPHERES

文章讨论了岩石圈的联合古陆事件，生物圈的重要生物类别的出现、生物爆发事件和集群绝灭事件，水圈和大气圈的海平面变化事件和气候的变冷、变暖事件。联合古陆事件包括陆核型联合古陆（２５００Ｍａ）、初始原地台型联合古陆（１９００Ｍａ）、成熟原地台型联合古陆（１４５０Ｍａ）、地台型联合古陆（８５０Ｍａ）和大陆型联合古陆（２５０Ｍａ）事件；生物圈事件包括原核生物、真核生物、后生动物、带壳后生动物的出现事件，寒武纪生物大爆发事件，奥陶纪—志留纪之交（４３９Ｍａ）、晚泥盆世弗拉斯期—法门期之交（３６７Ｍａ）、二叠纪—三叠纪之交（２５０Ｍａ）、三叠纪—侏罗纪之交（２０８Ｍａ）、白垩纪—第三纪之交（６５Ｍａ）的生物集群绝灭事件，并从遗迹化石的角度，阐述了后生动物及其行为习性的起源和演化的新观点。水圈和大气圈事件包括晚震旦世、奥陶纪—志留纪之交、晚石炭世的自节律海平面变化事件，奥陶纪和白垩纪的他节律高海平面事件，震旦纪—寒武纪和二叠纪—三叠纪之交的耦合节律海平面变化事件，并以泥盆纪为例作了进一步阐述。这些事件是岩石圈、生物圈、水圈和大气圈发展、演化的重要里程碑。上述事件的重要特征是，在时间上的节律性和在成因上的圈层耦合效应。

This article discusses the Pangea events of the lithosphere, important organic occurrence or explosion and mass extinction events of a biosphere, sea level changes and climatic warming and cooling events of the hydrosphere and atmosphere. The Pangea events include continental nuclei Pangea (2500Ma), initial protoplatform Pangea(1900Ma), mature protoplatform Pangea (1450Ma), platform Pangea (850Ma) and continental Pangea (250Ma). The biosphere events include the occurrence of procaryote, eucaryote, metazoan and shelly metazoans, the Cambrian organic explosion and the mass extinction events of the Ordovician Silurian (439 Ma), Frasnian Famennian in the Late Devonian (367 Ma), Permian Triassic (250 Ma), Triassic Jurassic (208 Ma) and Cretaceous Tertiary(65 Ma). The hydrospheric and atmospheric events contain the Late Sinian, Ordovician Silurian and Late Carboniferous autorhythmic sea level change events, the Early Ordovician and Early Cretaceous allorhythmic higher sea level events and the Sinian Cambrian, Permian Triassic coupling rhythmic sea level change events and they are further illustrated by taking the Devonian as an example. These events may serve as important milestones for the development and evolution of the lithosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The important characteristics of the said events are well shown by rhythms in time and interaction among different earth spheres in origin.