全球石炭纪-二叠纪植物群的演化和分布特征

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE GLOBAL CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN FLORAS

在全球范围内，石炭纪和二叠纪植物群可以划分为五个植物群，即早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔Ａ期）的全球性拟鳞木植物群（Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓｆｌｏｒａ）和晚石炭世（纳缪尔Ｂ—Ｃ期、威斯发期和斯蒂芬期）至二叠纪的华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群。早石炭世拟鳞木植物群广泛分布于世界许多地区，具有全球一致性，以Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｓｕｂｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｓｉｇｉｌａｒｉａ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍｉｔｅｓ，Ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈｏｄｅｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈａｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ，Ａｄｉａｎｔｉｔｅｓ，Ｔｒｉｐｈｙｌｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ等为特征。拟鳞木植物群逐渐从泥盆纪植物群分离出来，繁盛于早石炭世早期，绝灭于早石炭世末期。在早石炭世和晚石炭世的转换期，全球性气候变化和构造运动导致早石炭世拟鳞木植物群典型分子的绝灭和晚石炭世植物群先驱分子的出现。因此，华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群衍生于早石炭世全球一致性拟鳞木植物群，但它们各自发展在不同的环境中。

Carboniferous and Permian floras in the world can be distinguished into five floras, namely: the cosmopolitan Lepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian, Visean and Namurian A), Cathaysia, Euramerica, Angara and Gondwana floras of the Late Carboniferous (Namurian B C, Westphalian and Stephanian) and Permian. The Lepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous is widely distributed in many parts of the world and it has similarities on a global scale, which is characterized by Lepidodendropsis, Sublepidodendron, Archaeosigillaria, Archaeocalamites, Cardiopteridium, Rhodeopteridium, Rhacopteris, Adiantites, Triphyllopteris, etc. The Lepidodendropsis flora was separated gradually from the Devonian flora. The flora reached its full flourish in the early Early Carboniferous and became extinct at the end of the Early Carboniferous. The global climatic changes and tectonic movements led to a change of the Lepidodendropsis flora during the transition from the Early Carboniferous to the Late Carboniferous, which has resulted in the extinction of some typical plant genera of the Early Carboniferous and the occurrence of some forerunners of the Late Carboniferous floras in the world. Therefore, the Cathaysia, Euramerica, Angara and Gondwana floras were derived from an identical Lepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous, but they were developed in different environments respectively.