散打运动员能量供应特点生理学分析

Physiological analysis of the characteristics of energy supply for Sanda athletes

为了解散打运动的供能特点及其影响因素。以26名一级、武英级水平散打运动员为试验对象,并以42名100～1500m跑等6个项目的一级运动员为对照。通过对尿肌酐系数、气体(能量)代谢、运动后血乳酸浓度、个体乳酸阈、散打平均每次对抗时间和每次非对抗期时间等指标的测定与分析。结果发现:每局比赛总对抗时间占每局比赛时间的28.6%,总间歇期(非对抗期)时间占每局比赛时间71.4%。3局比赛中各对抗运动时段的总耗氧量为8.338L,运动后过量耗氧共为46.162L,分别占15.3%和84.7%,氧亏较大。安静时的尿肌酐系数与100、200m跑运动员无明显差异((38.8±7.9)与(39.7±8.5)与(39.5±8.2)mg/kg,P>0.05);各局比赛后即刻的血乳酸浓度明显偏低于400、800m跑运动员;个体乳酸阈与200、1000m跑的运动员差异无显著性(P>0.05),最大糖酵解能力与400、800m跑运动员差异有显著性(14.53±2.31、16.82±1.49与16.65±2.23,P<0.05)。研究表明:散打运动是以磷酸原系统为主,乳酸能系统配合供能的对抗性变速运动项目。提示人们只有充分了解散打运动员机体的供能特点及疲劳产生的原因,才能有针对性地提高运动员的基本身体素质,取得优良的成绩。

In order to gain an insight into the characteristics and affecting factors of energy supply in the Sanda event, the authors used 26 class one and class elite Sanda athletes as the experimental subjects （ESs）, and 42 class one athletes for such 6 events as 100-1,500 m tams as the controls, measured and analyzed such indexes as coefficient of urine creatinine, gaseous （energy） metabolism, blood lactic acid concentration after the game, individual lactic acid threshold, as well as average fighting time per fight and non-fighting time per break in Sanda competition, and revealed the following findings： the total fighting time in each round is 28.6% of the game time in each round, while the total break （non-fighting） time is 71.4% of the game time in each round; the total oxygen consumption for the fighting periods in 3 rounds is 8.338 L, while the total oxygen over consumption after the game is 46.162 L; these two consumptions are respectively 15.3% and 84.7% of their sum, which means that the oxygen deficit is too large; at peace, there is no significant difference between the coefficient of urine creatinine of the ESs and that of the athletes for 100 m and 200 m runs （（38.8±7.9） mg/kg vs.（39.7±8.5） mg/kg vs （39.5±8.2） mg/kg, P〉0.05）; the blood lactic acid concentration of the ESs immediately after each round of competition is significantly lower than that of the athletes for 400m and 800 runs; there is no significant difference between the individual lactic acid threshold of the ESs and that of the athletes for 200 m and 1 000 m runs （P〉0.05）; there is a significant difference between the maximum glycolysis capacity of the ESs and that of the athletes for 400 m and 800 m runs （14.53±2.31 vs. 16.82±1.49 vs. 16.65±2.23, P〈0.05）.This study reveals that Sanda is a fast moving fighting event in which the energy is supplied primarily by the phosphagen system and secondarily by the lactic acid energy system. It is suggested that only by fully understanding the characteristics of energy supply for and the causes for the occurrence of fatigue of the body of Sanda athletes can the basic physical constitution of the athletes be action specifically improved in order to achieve an excellent performance,