论人权的普遍性和特殊性

On Universality and Particularity of Human Rights

本文分析了人权的普遍性和特殊性各自的表现形式和理论依据,认为其普遍性的理论依据是人权主体的普遍性,即只要是"人",就都应当享有人权,全人类具有共同的利益和共同的道德,而人权的本质正是利益和道德。人权特殊性的理论依据是人权的实现程度及形式,受一个国家一定历史发展阶段不同的经济政治制度、历史文化传统、民族宗教特点和经济发展水平的制约。文章主张,不能把普遍性和特殊性对立起来和割裂开来;西方发达国家应尊重发展中国家的具体国情,发展中国家应尊重国际人权共同标准并为其实现而努力。

The article analyzes various manifestations and theoretical bases of the universality and particularity of human rights. The authors hold that the theoretical basis of universality of human rights is the universality of the subjects of human rights, namely all human beings should enjoy human rights, all peoples in the world share common interests and common moral standards, and the essence of human rights is interests and morality. The theoretical basis of the particularity of human rights is that the extent and form of realization of human rights are restricted by a country＇s economic and political systems at a given stage of historical development, historical and cultural traditions, ethnic and religious characteristics, and level of economic development. The universality and particularity of human rights are not contradictory to each other and should not be separated from each other. The western developed countries should respect the national conditions of developing countries and the developing should respect the international human rights standards and make efforts towards their realizations.