高产稳产小麦株型的研究

Study on wheat planttype with high-stable yielding abiliy

以不同株型小麦品种及其杂交后代为材料,研究了小麦株型性状与高产稳产性能的关系以及高产稳产株型的生理基础。发现,穗幅(植株生长展开度)、穗数、叶片生长开度(夹角及开张角)和穗长等株型性状与小麦品种生产能力呈正相关;这几个性状对品种的产量效应具有互补性和累加性;冠层展开型品种的高产稳产性能优于冠层紧梃型;冠层展开型品种具有前期生长快、后期衰退缓慢、全生育期光合势强及生物量大等特点。提出了半矮展开型作为高产稳产小麦品种的理想株型并对株型的概念进行了探讨。

By using wheat cultivars with different planttype and their hybride. both the relationship between planltype characters and high -stable yielding ability and (he physiological bases for wheat planltype were investigated. It was found that morphological characters such as canopy width,spike number, leaf angle and spike length were positively correlated with yielding abililty. The effects of those morphological characters on yielding ability were compensatory and additive. The high-stable yielding ability of cultivars with expanding canopy, which possessed greater photosynthetic capacity and more dry matter in the whole growing season resulting from fast growth rate during the early growing stage and slow senescence during the later growing stage, was supenort to that of cultivars with gathering canopy.lt was proposed that wheat ideatype for high - stable vie!;' be expanding planttype with semi-.straw. Planttype concept was also discussed.