对人类胚胎干细胞来源的伦理审视

Ethical Reflection on the sources of Human Embryonic Stem Cell

伦理审查的重点之一:胚胎干细胞的来源是否符合了伦理要求,2003年出台的《人胚胎干细胞研究的伦理指导原则》没有提供可操作的审查要求。结合我国国情,审视了人胚胎干细胞来源中若干伦理问题,并提出了四点审查要点:①在目前的情况下,"冷冻的多余的胚胎"可以作为胚胎干细胞研究的主要来源,但研究者不可过度依赖多余的胚胎;②在接受自愿捐献的卵子时,研究者要实现对捐卵者的伤害最低化,不得采取胁迫、引诱的方式获取卵子;③在使用"流产胎儿"时,要获得孕妇或家庭的知情同意,不可为获得一个研究用的流产胎儿,而让一个妇女先怀孕。④为达治疗性克隆研究之目的,研究者可以通过体细胞核移植技术制造胚胎干细胞,但研究中胚胎要在14天内销毁。

One of the key points for ethical review of human embryonic stem cell research is to examine whether the sources of obtaining human embryonic stem cell are ethical or not. However, the Ethical Guideline for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research which has been issued in 2003, does not provide practical recommendation in detail for local ethical committees to conduct ethical review procedures. After examining several potential ethical problems involving the sources of human embryonic stem cell in current Chinese context, the authors put forwards to four key points for ethical review： First of all, although the freezed spare embryos could be a＇major source for embryonic stem cell research in current situation, researchers should not overuse or even abuse this kind of embryos. Secondly, the researchers should ~minimized the potential risks to the egg donors; and should not obtain eggs by coercion or inducement Thirdly, in the process of use of aborting fetus for stem cell research, informed consent for is required from the pregnant or her family; and it is prohibited to let a person get pregnancy in order to obtain an aborting fetus for stem cell research ; Lastly, in the therapeutic cloning research, researchers could produce embryonic stem cells though somatic nuclear transfer technology, but the embryo ought to be destroyed within 14 days.