陕北黄芥黄色种皮的遗传研究

Inheritance of seed coat colour of Yellow mustard(Brassica juncea L.) in northern part of Shaanxi

采用黄芥(Brassica juncea L.)与两个不同来源的褐籽类型芥菜型油菜杂交,研究黄芥黄色种皮的遗传。结果表明:黄芥的粒色主要受母体基因型控制,褐色对黄色为显性;F2和BC1世代株间乃至株内颜色不尽一致,但黄色单株和褐色单株能够明显区分,褐色和黄色的比例分别符合3∶1和1∶1的分离比例,证明黄芥的粒色主要受一对主效基因控制,同时受修饰基因和环境的影响。黄籽和褐籽杂交F2粒色与几个品质性状的相关分析,结果证明除含油量与粒色密切相关外,其脂肪酸组分的平均值与种皮颜色也有一定的相关性。

The crosses of yellow-seeded local variety Wuqi Yellow mustard（Brassica juncea L. ） with two brown-seeded local variety Chang-an mustard and Wugong mustard which originated from Shaanxi Guanzhong were made respectively to study the seed coat colour inheritance of Yellow mustard from the northwern Shaanxi. The inheritance of seed coat co[our was investigated in the F1,Fz and BC1 progeny of these two crosses. The results showed seed coat colour in Yellow mustard was under the control of the maternal genotype ,the brown seed trait is dominant over the yellow seed trait. The segregation generations analysis revealed that the yellow seed coat colour in Yellow mustard was mainly controlled by a single recessive gene besed on the ratios of brown seeds and yellow seeds showed 3 ： 1 and 1 ： 1 in the F2 and BC1 respectirely, as well as influenced by some decorate genes and environment conditions. The correlation between seed coat color and quality trait in F2 population was analysed preliminarily. Besides closely related to the oil content, the compositions of fatty acids also showed slight relation to seed coat color of Yellow mustard.