中国和印度两国农机产品产业内贸易的比较

Comparison of Intra-industry Trade of Agricultural Machinery between China and India

运用GL指数和GHM法分别测算了中国和印度两国农机产品产业内贸易的水平和类型特征。测算结果的比较分析表明,两国农机产品产业内贸易既有相同点也有差异。相同点在于两国的产业内贸易都以低质量垂直型为主,这是由两国劳动密集的要素禀赋条件决定的。差异表现在印度农机产品产业内贸易的水平高于中国;发展过程也有差异,这是因为两国农机产业的发展方式和对外贸易政策不同。印度农机产业的发展经验表明,采用优化的产业发展策略和对外贸易政策可以有效地促进产业内贸易的提高和农机产业的发展。

China and India were two developing countries with similar endowments, and there were obvious intra-industry trade （ITT） in the trade of agricultural machinery. Using the GL index and GHM method, this paper measured and compared the level and pattern of IIT in the agricultural machinery trade of China and India. The results showed that there were both similarity and differences in the IIT of agricultural machinery between China and India. The similarity was that low quality vertical IIT were the dominant pattern in both China and India, and both countries produced low quality agricultural machinery in the international specialization. This was caused by the similar labor dense endowments of two countries. The differences lied in the level and development process of IIT, which were caused by the different development strategy and trade policy. The experiences of India machinery industry indicated that proper strategy and relevant policy could promote the level of IIT and the development of machinery industry.