旅游活动对卧龙自然保护区社区居民的经济影响

The economic impact of tourism on local residents in Wolong Nature Reserve

旅游活动是提高自然保护区社区居民收入、缓解保护区与社区矛盾、促进生物多样性保护的重要途径之一。为评价旅游活动对自然保护区社区经济提升的现实效果,以卧龙自然保护区为案例,采用问卷调查的方法,通过分析保护区内旅游从业人员的经济收入、就业机会以及收入分配等,从一定程度上揭示旅游活动对该保护区社区居民的直接经济影响。结果表明,生态旅游可以给保护区的部分居民带来一定的经济收入,但这部分收入总量较低;保护区内的居民多从事一些较简单的旅游相关活动,对技能要求较高的活动则大多由来自保护区外的人员从事;旅游活动带来的经济收入不论是在当地相关从业人员之间还是在当地人与来自保护区外的人员之间的分配都表现出了一定的不公平性,居住位置、启动资金和技术技能是造成这种不公平现象的主要原因。依据以上调查及分析结果,论文提出了开发旅游项目、建立培训机制、设立专项基金以及逐步移民等相应对策。

Theoretically, tourism can generate economic benefits for local residents, while whether the benefits can come true in reality is a crucial issue. To obtain the actual direct economic impact that tourism have on local residents, a questionnaire survey was conducted in Wolong Nature Reserve （WNR）. Total income generated by tourism, employment opportunities for local participants, and income distributions were ineluded in the questionnaire. The results showed that there＇s a considerable gap between actual effects and theoretical expectations from tourism in WNR： the total income generated by tourism was small; the employment opportunities were limited; and the income was unevenly distributed among local participants as well as among local people and outsiders. Measures, including developing new tourism items, establishing educational projects, providing special funds, and implementing a relocation policy, were proposed to improwve the effectiveness of tourism as integrated tool for development and conservation.