符合欧洲标准规程的制动设计

Brake Design in Compliance with European Regulations

为实现欧洲轨道交通技术的协调,基于欧洲互换性准则的技术规范和欧洲标准在欧洲已经生效,对其中包含的关于制动系统(除了停放制动)设计的描述进行了解释和评价,其关注的基础是制动过程的机械学。采用最小时间间隔的瞬时减速度(减速度特性),可以对轨道车辆的制动性能进行设计和评价。据此,可以计算出瞬时制动力和车辆阻力,由瞬时制动减速度可以确定所要求的轮轨粘着力。当今根据UIC544-1对传统结构的车辆采用的关于制动评价的经验方法依然保留。总体思路是根据物理基础确定轨道车辆制动设计的计算方法。

Technical Specifications and European Standards have come into force in Europe on the basis of the EU interoperability directives for the technical harmonization of railways. The enclosed requirements concerning brake design （without parking brake） are explained and evaluated. The mechanics of the braking process are the foundation of the examination. By defining minimal current retardations （retardation profiles） the brake ability of the vehicles can be designed and evaluated. For this the momentary forces of brake and vehicle resistance have to be calculated and the necessary adhesion between wheel and rail has to be derived from the current braking retardation. The previous empirical method of brake evaluation for conventional traffic according to UIC codex 544-1 is not yet abandoned. Holistic coordination on a physical basis is needed for the calculation methods of railway vehicle brake design.