施肥对青藏高原燕麦种子生产的增产效应

Effects of Fertilization on Seed Production in oat (Avena sativa) on the Tibetan Plateau

通过研究施肥水平对燕麦Avena sativa种子产量和品质的影响,筛选出适宜燕麦种子高产的施肥量,为提高燕麦种子生产能力提供直接的理论依据。研究结果表明:在试验设计的施氮梯度范围,施氮对燕麦产量和品质影响作用明显,施氮水平与种子蛋白质含量之间呈显著的线性回归关系(R=0.896 8,P<0.01),随着施肥量的增加,蛋白质含量持续增加;而施氮水平与有效分蘖数、小穗数、草产量和种子产量之间呈显著的二次回归关系(P<0.01),表现为"低-高-低"的变化趋势,施氮60 kg/hm2时燕麦种子产量为4358.5 kg/hm2,达到最高,施肥量继续增加,种子产量增幅下降,投入产出比降低。因此,从高产和高效角度综合考虑,生产中以收获燕麦种子为目的时,施氮量应选择60 kg/hm2,而以生产饲草为目的时,施氮量应选择75 kg/hm2。

Being a forage grass with high nutrient value, oat （Arena sativa） is well adaptive for the climatic condition on the Tibetan Plateau. Low seed production of oat on the Tibetan Plateau was found due to high altitude and hard climatic condition. Nitrogen fertilizer application affected both seed yield and quality. Protein content of seed had a highly positive liner correlation to nitrogen level （R = 0.896 8, P〈0. 01）. Available tillering and spikelet numbers , yields fro forage and seed showed a quadratic regression relationship to fertilization level （P〈0. 01）. The highest seed yield （4 358.5 kg/ hm^2） gained at application rate of N 6 kg/hm^2. N fertilizer rate over 60 kg/hm^2 did not produce positive effect to seed yield, but decreased output to input ratio. It suggested that ideal nitrogen fertilizer rate for oat seed production was N 60 kg/hm^2 and 75 kg/hm^2 for forage production.