制度背景下的农村留守妇女问题

Hometown-remaining Wives Under Institutional Setting

留守妇女问题可以放在制度与政策的背景下审视。中国独特的工业化和城市化战略、户籍制、不发达的土地流转制度、农村社会保障制度,以及社会支持网络是留守妇女问题产生的基本制度背景。男性的外出虽然将妇女推向了关系网络处理与建构的前台,但地区的经济欠发达、农村社区组织的功能发挥不好、弱关系网络建构的制度性支持不足等使留守妇女难以将这一可能性转化为现实性。留守妇女问题的解决取决于制度和政策导向是否有助于解决两方面的问题,一是如何让流动农民回到乡村,二是如何使留守妇女迁往城市。

The problem of hometown-remaining wives may be observed under policy and institutional setting. The peculiar way of industrialization and urbanization, the household registration （hukou） policies, the underdevelopmental rural land circulation sys- tem, security system and social support network are basic institutional background under which hometown-remaining wives ap- peared. Men＇s outgoing put hometown-remaining wives to the forestage of the production of Guanxi network, but the underdevel- opment of local economy, the malfunction of the community organization and the deficiency of institutional support to the wom- en＇s construction of weak networks diminish the possibility. To resolve the problem of hometown-remaining wives, the institution and policy should help to made the outgoing peasant come back to home and the hometown-remaining wives move to cities.