荧光原位杂交在作物遗传育种研究中的应用

THE APPLICATION OF FLUORESCENCE in situ HYBRIDIZATION IN CROP GENETICS AND BREEDING RESEARCHES

荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）是一种原位杂交新技术，具有快速、灵敏、准确和有效等特点，它采用生物素标记探针，能够将特定的ＤＮＡ或ＲＮＡ序列直接定位于染色体上。该文就荧光原位杂交技术在作物遗传育种研究中的应用进行综述，主要包括以下方面：１）检测重复ＤＮＡ序列及多拷贝基因家族；２）鉴定异源多倍体物种中的异源染色体或染色体片段；３）检测和定位低拷贝或单拷贝ＤＮＡ序列。随着一些新技术的发展。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) , characterized to be fast,sensitive,accurate and effective, is a new technique of in situ hybridization which can directly locate specific DNA or RNA sequence on chromosomes by using biotin labelling probes. This article summarized the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in crop genetics and breeding researches,including: 1)screening repetitive DNA sequences and multicopy gene families; 2)identifing the alien chromosomes and chromosome segments in allopolyploids; 3)detecting and locating low or single copy DNA sequence. With some new techniques developed, the FISH method will play important roles in much more fields of basic and applied researches in crop genetics and breeding.