冶金系统13个耐火材料厂矽肺患者死亡的流行病学研究

MORTALITY STUDY AMONG SILICOTICS OF 13 REFRACTORY FACTORIES IN CHINA'S METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY

本文对冶金系统13个耐火材料厂1980年1月正日以前确诊并生存的男性矽肺患者1284例进行了队列研究来观察10年（1980．1～1989．12）期间矽肺队列成员的职业变动情况、死亡情况及死亡原因。研究结果表明：耐火行业矽肺患者的平均寿命比煤矿短，比铁矿长，与陶瓷行业近似。矽肺确诊越早其死亡年龄越小。全癌为矽肺息者的首位死因，其次为慢性支气管肺炎、肺心病、肺结核和脑血管病。全癌中以肺癌的死亡率为最高。矽肺患者的肺癌同全国对照比较有极显著超出，且似有随矽肺期别的增加而增加的趋势，不随矽肺首次确诊后年数的增加而增加。不管吸烟与否，矽肺增加了罹患肺癌的危险。

A cohort study of 1284 silicotic males from 13 refractory factories in China's metallurgical industry alive be fore 1 Jan. 1980 was conducted to observe the death-cause and employment history information in a period of 10 years (from 1 Jan. 1980 to 31 Dec. 1989). The results showed that the life-span of silicotics in refractory factories was shorter than that of silicotics in coal industry ,longer than that from iron mines, and close to ceramics industry. The earlier the silicosis was diagnosed, the shorter would be the life-span. All cancers were the first death-cause of silicotics, the others were in following order, chronic broncho-pneumonia, pneumonia, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary tuberculosis and cerebrovascular disease. Of all cancers , the mortality of lung cancer was the highest and had statistically significant excess risk. It appeared to increase as the increase of the severity of fibrosis , however, it did not keep pace with the length of the duration since diagnosis. The risk of lung cancer would increase, notwithstanding the smoking habit.