植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展

Progress in Plant Somaclonal Variation

植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中,培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础,可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源,但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展,并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。

The phenomenon ＇somaclonal variation＇ refers to genetic and/or epigenetic changes in cells or regeneration that arise through the culture of plant cells, tissues and organs. Some genetic bases underlye the plant somacIonal variation, which can be integratively determined and identified at morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular biological levels. Plant somacIonal variation is one of available resources in plant breeding, but it is an unwelcome puzzle to be won through in plant micropropagation in vitro and genetic transformation. This paper reviews the progress in study of the genesis and identification of plant somacIonal variation at both cytological level and molecular biological level, and discusses the problems and prospects of applying somacIonal variation in breeding and improving plant varieties.