3种海参的主要活性成分和免疫调节作用的比较研究

Comparative study on the bioactive components and immune function of three species of sea cucumber

采用化学分析和免疫学评价方法,分析比较了美国肉参(Isostichopus badionotus)、墨西哥刺参(Isostichopus fuscus)和冰岛刺参(Cucumaria frondosa)的主要活性成分及其对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果表明,3种海参体壁中以冰岛刺参的皂苷含量最高,墨西哥刺参的黏多糖含量最高。冰岛刺参体壁总氨基酸、药效氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量均为最高。对于正常小鼠,3种海参均能提高小鼠胸腺/体质量比值(美国肉参,P<0.05)、增加足跖厚度(P<0.05或P<0.01)和促进巨噬细胞对血液中碳粒的吞噬指数(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对于免疫机能低下模型小鼠,3种海参均能显著提高小鼠胸腺/体质量比值(P<0.05或P<0.01)、促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖和转化(P<0.05或P<0.01)、提高小鼠血清溶血素含量(P<0.05或P<0.01)和巨噬细胞对血液中碳粒的吞噬指数(P<0.05或P<0.01)。提示3种海参均具有显著的免疫调节作用。对于正常小鼠,主要以促进细胞免疫和非特异性免疫途径为主。对于免疫机能低下小鼠,3种海参均能提高机体的体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能。其中,冰岛刺参在促进体液免疫和非特异性免疫方面的作用更突出,可能与其含有较高含量的皂苷和免疫活性氨基酸有关。

Sea cucumber has been proved as a source of substance rich in nutritional components and biological activity. Sea cucumber saponins and triterpene glycosides, commonly known as holothurins, have drawn attention because of their wide spectrum of biological effects such as antifungal, cytotoxic, hemolytic, cytostatic and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, the bioactive components of Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus fuscus and Cucumaria frondosa and their function on immune regulation were determined by chemical analysis and immunological methods. The contents of polysaccharide, triterpene glycosides and amino acids in body wall were measured and compared, and their immune regulation were investigated with the model mice in normal and in immunodepression induced by hydrocortisone. The results showed that I. fuscus had the highest content of polysaccharide in the body wall among these three species of sea cucumber. The contents oftriterpene glycosides, total amino acids, drug-effective amino acids and delicious amino acids are higher in C.frondosa than in the others. In normal mice, all three kinds of sea cucumber could increase thymus/body weight value, heighten delayed hypersensitivity level （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and the ability ofmacrophages for carbon particle clearance （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. In hypoimmune mice, they all could antagonize the decline of thymus/body weight value induced by hydrocortisone （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, increase hemolysin content （HCs0） （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, spleen lymphocyte transformation （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01） and the ability of macrophages for carbon particle clearance （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. C.frondosa had the most remarkable effects in HC50 and phagocytic index （SNK, P〈0.05）. Triterpene glycoside from another kind of sea cucumber C.japonica was found to stimulate phagocytosis and production of IL6 and TNF-α, and increase the number of antibody producing cells. At the same time, the preparation did not affect the delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytokine IL12 and IFN-γ release. This suggests triterpene glycoside in sea cucumber could promote humoral immunity and non-specific immunity. Sea cucumbers have high content of Gly, Glu and Arg in body wall. Gly can stimulate production and release of IL-2 and B cell antibody, and enhance phagocytosis. Gly and Glu are essential materials for cell to synthesize glutathione which can stimulate activation and proliferation of NK cell. Arg can enhance cell immunity by promoting activation and proliferation of T-cell. It is suggested that these three species of sea cucumbers all have remarkable function in immune regulation. They can both promote immune function by cell immunity and non-specific immunity in normal mice and promote immune function by cell immunity, humoral immunity and non-specific immunity in immunodepression mice. The significant effect on immune regulation of C.frondosa correlated to its higher contents of triterpene glycoside and active amino acids in all probability. [Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15 （1） ： 154-159]