声带息肉发病危险因素的病例对照调查

Case-Control Survey on Risk Factors of Vocal Fold Polyp

目的探讨与声带息肉发病相关的危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究设计,对98例声带息肉及153例喉部正常者进行问卷调查,Logistic回归分析方法进行统计学分析。结果职业、工作或居住在噪声环境、饮酒、过度用声、嗓音滥用五个因素与声带息肉发病密切相关。每日用声时间与声带息肉之间有时长-效应关系,与每日用声时间<4小时相比较,每日用声时间4～5小时OR值为3.232;6～7小时OR值为5.085;≥8小时OR值为9.230;嗓音滥用在声带息肉发病中的作用显著(OR=6.5914);工作或居住在噪声环境(OR=2.616)、饮酒(OR=2.930)会增加发病的危险。结论为预防声带息肉,应戒酒,降低环境噪声,养成良好的用声习惯,避免嗓音滥用,减少用声时间等,在用声强度大的高危人群应加强防护。声带息肉首要的治疗措施是改变患者不良的用声习惯。

Objective In order to provide basis for prevention and guidance of patients recovering, this study investigated the risk factors that may relate with vocal fold polyp. Methods 251 cases who were performed laryngo- scope were invited to participate the survey. 98 cases with vocal fold polyp composed the case group. Another 153 cases with normal larynx composed the control group. Each case were undertook the same questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the possible risk factors. Results The result demonstrated the occurring of vocal fold polyp positively correlated to five factors, including occupation, work or residente environment noise, alcohol--consuming, voice--using hours per day and abuse of voice. Occupations which use voice more had higher occurring risk. Excessive voice users had high risk and with increasing of hours using voice per day, the risk increased. Conclusion The result suggested that in order to decrease the prevalence of vocal fold polyp, people should abstain from alcohol, lower the environment noise, and prevent overuse and abuse of voice. It is especially important for the professional voice users, e.g. teachers or managers. The essential therapy for these disorders is to correct bad phonation habits.