上海沿江沿海湿地南迁水鸟群落的动态变化

Study on the Waterbird Communities during Southward Migration in Shanghai

2005,2006年的9-11月,对上海沿江沿海的5个湿地区域内的水鸟进行了调查,共记录到7目15科101种水鸟,其中国家级保护鸟类12种,IUCN受威胁鸟类10种;有6种水鸟的记录数量达到或超过了该物种在东亚地区种群估计数量的1%,4个区域达到了国际重要湿地的标准.9-10月是上海地区南迁水鸟的高峰期,估计鹬类的南迁持续时间达到100 d左右;南迁期间雁鸭类物种数和总数量持续增加,但鹭类和鸥类却持续下降.崇明东滩堤内人工湿地已成为南迁水鸟的重要栖息地,对崇明东滩堤外天然湿地起到了非常有效的补充作用.南汇边滩已围垦区域作为南迁期间记录鹬类物种数和总数量最多的地区,只要能合理控制该区域的水位变化,有望成为本市鹬类南北迁徙过程中的重要停歇地.

From September to November of 2005 and 2006, waterbird surveys were conducted at five coastal wedands in Shanghai. A total of 101 waterbird species of 7 Orders and 15 Families were recorded, of which 12 species area listed as the national protected birds, 10 species in the IUCN＇s Redlists. Six species recorded in 4 wetlands have reached or beyonded the 1% criteria of Rarnsar sites. Results showed that September to October is the peak period for the shorebird during southward migration, which might last for 100 days, The artificial wetlands at Chngming Dongtan are important alternative habitats for waterbirds. The Nanhui artificial wetland could also become an important stopover site for shorebirds during southward migration if the water level could be controlled rationally.