必要共犯的若干问题检讨——以共犯的处罚根据为视角

On Necessary Accomplice——Perspective of Punishment Grounds of Accomplice

关于共犯的处罚根据,主要有责任共犯论、违法共犯论和因果共犯论(又称为惹起说,包括纯粹惹起说、修正惹起说和混合惹起说)。责任共犯论、违法共犯论和修正惹起说坚持绝对的违法的连带性;纯粹惹起说坚持绝对的违法的相对性;混合惹起说肯定部分的违法的相对性。必要的共犯,分为多众犯和对向犯。法律明文规定处罚以外的对向方的行为,不能作为共犯进行处罚。

There are four punishment grounds against accomplices, including the Schuldteilnahmetheorie, unrechtsteilnahmetheore and cause and effect accomplices theory （causing theory, including pure causing theory, amending causing theory and mingling causing theory. ） Schuldteilnahmetheorie, unrechtsteilnahmetheore and amending causing theory insist on the joint liability of absolute violation of law. The pure causing theory insists on the relative nature of absolute violation of law. Amending causing theory insists on the relative nature of illegal behavior partly. Necessary accomplice includes relative commit and several commit. The Criminal Law stipulates that if the relative partner＇s action doesn＇t come within the punishment, it can＇t be punished.