人类活动的环境效应及生态环境变迁研究述评

Review of the researches on environment effect of human activities and ecological environment evolution

生态环境变迁是指人类由于资源利用活动过程中对自然、社会、经济系统较长时期相互作用最终导致该区域生态环境在时间、空间上产生的累积环境效应。国际上生态环境变迁研究主要归属到侧重于自然科学的生态环境变化研究方面,尤其是关注近代工业革命以来由于全球气候变暖、温室效应、酸雨、臭氧层空洞等全球及区域性重大环境变迁的深入研究。在我国,生态环境变迁研究主要归属到环境史研究领域。主要涉及历史上的农业经济、土地利用与垦殖、草原与畜牧业发展、城镇经济、森林砍伐利用、沙漠化对生态环境变迁互动影响研究。本文在分析总结1994年以来有关生态环境变迁研究主要文献基础上,提出了至今为止我国生态环境变迁研究领域存在的一些主要并需尽快解决的研究热点和难点问题,以及今后该研究领域需要重点关注的研究领域。

Ecological environment evolution is cumulative environment effect in time and space in a region because of long-term interaction between nature, society, economic system as human beings exploit resources. The international ecological environment evolution research focuses on ecological environment change research by natural science, especially, on global or regional important environment changes such as global warm climate, greenhouse effect, acid rain, ozone depletion and so on. In China, ecological environment evolution research focuses on studying environment history, including the effect of agricultural economy, land exploitation and cultivation, grass land and livestock farming development, urban economy, wood-cut and wood use, desertion, etc. on environment change. Based on analyzing and summarizing main literatures on ecological environment evolution since 1994, this paper holds main difficult issues and hot topics and future research points in China environment evolution research field.