风门启闭对船舶机舱火灾烟气蔓延影响的模拟对比研究

A Contrast Study on Fire Smoke Moving Based on Opening the Plant Room Door at Ship Vessels

利用火灾区域模拟基本原理和使用方法,对扑救难度较大的船舶机舱火灾烟气运动进行了研究分析。结果表明:通风口开启与关闭对机舱烟气的界面高度、烟气层温度、平均压力、烟气中O2、CO浓度等运动迁移规律有较大影响。关闭全部通风口进行封舱灭火需要把握良好的时机,封舱过早或过迟都会使火灾损失增大,并且,封舱灭火时,尽可能不提前开启舱门,过早进入火场。开启舱门时会发生高温烟气冲击伤人事故,并将导致因开启舱门而进入新鲜空气造成火灾复燃后果。模拟结果对机舱火灾的扑救具有一定指导意义。

A zone fire model is used to stimulate the fire and predict the smoke movement in a ship engine room. The tort of fire is difficult to fight. The results show that ventilation conditions have a strong effect on the smoke layer height, upper layer temperature, lower layer temperature, pressure, concentration of 02, CO in the upper layer , the smoke movement law. The occasion to enclose the ship engine room to put out a fire should be proper, or the fire loss will be increased in an earlier or later opporunity. Moreover, make sure not to open the door too earlier after enclosing the engine room, or people will be injured by the impactive high temperature smoke gas and the fire may also be revival due to the entry of fresh air when opening the door. To sum up, all the results will provide some guiding significance to prevent and fight fire in a ship engine room.