不同育苗方式棉花的生长发育特性

Characteristics of Growth and Development of Upland Cotton Raised in Different Ways

比较分析了弓棚育苗、地膜平铺育苗、微钵育苗、无土育苗和地膜直播5种不同育苗方式棉花的生长发育特性。结果表明:微钵育苗成钵率在95%以上,成苗率在90%以上,移栽成活率为93.6%,达到和超过弓棚育苗移栽成活率;微钵育苗移栽后棉苗活棵快,缓苗期短,地上部和根系的生长发育良好;无土育苗的棉株生长发育后延,表现为移栽后缓苗期长,发苗迟,苗蕾期营养体偏小,棉株现蕾、开花、结铃、成熟迟,花铃期后生长发育加快,盛铃期后成铃速率高;无土育苗根系较浅,不利于抗御干旱和雨涝。

Seedling raising and transplantation is a technique breakthrough in cotton cultivation. So far, several ways to raise seedling have been developed, To find out a better way of raising cotton seedlings, the growth and development characteristics of cottons raised in five ways, nutrition pot raised seedlings covered with bow shed, nutrition pot raised seedlings mulched with plastic film, small nutrition pot raised seedlings, seedlings raised soil free, and plastic film mulching, were studied and compared. The percentage of seedlings raised in small nutrition pot was above 90% and the survival rate after transplantation reached 93.6% which was higher than that of seedlings raised in nutrition pot covered with bow shed. After transplantation, the seedlings raised in small nutrition pot revived quicker and obtained better growth both in aerial part and root. Soil free raised cotton seedlings exhibited deferred development manifested by the longer reviving period, def- erred seedling emergence, smaller nutritional organs at budding stage, and deferred budding, flowering and boll setting. However, the growth and development of soil free raised cotton seedlings was accelerated after flowering and bolling, as a result, boll setting was speeded.