濒危植物猪血木的传粉生物学特性研究

Pollination Biology of Endangered Euryodendron excelsum

猪血木是中国特有的山茶科单型属猪血木属的一种珍稀濒危植物，只在广东省阳春市八甲镇有分布，现存种群数量极少。对猪血木的开花物候、花部结构、访花昆虫及访花行为进行了观察，并针对猪血木的野外传粉过程进行了套袋对比实验。此有关其传粉生物学特性的研究结果表明：猪血木自然开花正常且花期长，自然结实率为42．4％～50．4％；猪血木为虫媒植物，传粉者为蜂、蝇、蝶等类的多种昆虫，在花上共捕到17种昆虫，其中9种在各居群均见分布，其传粉途径正常，为异花授粉植物。有鉴于猪血木分布地高强度的农业开发及城市化建设对其传粉昆虫生存及分布的影响，建议在对猪血木的保护策略中注意保护其传粉昆虫。

Euryodendron excelsum is a critically endangered species from the family Theaceae endemic to China, very few individuals exist in Bajia region, Guangdong province. The author observed flowering phenology, flowering pattern, species of visiting insects and their foraging behavior, and bagged experiments had been done to determine it＇ s pollination system. The results indicated that E. excelsum flowered normally and the flowering period was long, the nature fruit bearing percentage ranged from 42. 4 % to 50. 4 %. E. excelsum was an entomophilous plant, pollinators were diverse small insects such as bees, flies and butterflies etc. Totally seventeen species of insects were captured on the florescence and 9 species of them were observed visiting the flowers in every population. The pollination processes were normal, no fruit set of over 100 bagged flowers showed it was a cross pollinated plant. Because of agricultural exploitation and urban construction, many insects were affected, it was therefore suggested that including the pollinator protection in the strategy of E. excelsum protection.