空间分辨率粒度变化对景观多样性模拟的影响--以四川青城山世界遗产保护地为例

Effect of Spatial Granularity on Landscape Diversity Simulation——A Case Study of Mt.Qingcheng World Heritage Site in Sichuan Province

以四川青城山世界遗产保护地为案例区,借助7个生态多样性模型对景观多样性进行模拟,分析发现:①景观均匀性方面的多样性变化大于且快于丰富性方面的多样性变化.②在较高分辨率(150 m×150 m之内)条件下,7个多样性模型能够有效地表达研究区景观多样性;而分辨率较低(150 m×150 m之外)时,Menhinnick、Margalef、Scaling等生态多样性模型仍可表现研究区景观多样性的变化规律.③Menhinnick模型和Margalef模型单纯考虑类型数相对于个体总数的变化,受景观个体数变化的影响大,模拟结果规律性十分明显,适于表现研究区多尺度生态多样性.④Mladenoff/Scaling模型组综合考虑了丰富性和均匀性,景观类型数对前者模拟结果的贡献较大;Scaling模型具有较为规律的模拟结果,适于研究区多尺度生态多样性的模拟与评估.

The term ＇ecological diversity＇ is a combination of richness, evenness and diversity of an investigation object, including landscape diversity, ecosystem diversity and species diversity. Diversity models on varied spatial scales have different information of the ecological diversity, so the capacities and its validities of the information charge have been affected by spatial scales to some extent. It is a precondition to consider multi-scale diversity simulation and assessment that the effect of spatial scale on different diversity indices has been compared and analyzed. This article takes Mr. Qingcheng World Heritage Dependency in Sichuan Province as a study area to analyze the effect of spatial scale on ecological simulation by Turner diversity index, Mladenoff diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Mclntosh diversity index, Menhinnick diversity index, Margalef diversity index and Scaling diversity index. The results showed that （1） with spatial resolution getting coarser, change of ecotope evenness was greater than the ecotope richness; （2） seven diversity indices from the species levels could express the landscape diversity of the study area effectively because of their better information charge on the higher resolutions （within 150m ×150m）; however, change patterns could not been manifested on the lower resolutions （out of 150 m×150 m） except Menhinnick diversity index, Margalef diversity index and Scaling diversity index. All diversity indexes should have better adaptability and reflection ability on the stage of the higher resolutions; （3）the ecological simulation by Menhinnick diversity index and Margalef diversity index should consider simply the change of landscape type to individual number, not the area of the study region, and been affected by change of landscape individual number, and both indices should fit the simulation and evaluation of multi-scale ecological diversity; （4）Mladenoff diversity index and Scaling ecological diversity index took the landscape evenness and richness into account, but richness had greater influence on Mladenoff diversity index.