厦门市农村居民结核病防治知识及相关政策普及现状分析

Awareness status of tuberculosis knowledge and policy among the residents of rural area in Xiamen

目的了解厦门市农村居民结核病知识和相关政策普及情况。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,在本市岛外4个社区内进行入户问卷调查,共抽取10895份问卷进行分析。结果全市农村居民结核病知识平均知晓率为60.0%,集美区、海沧区显著高于同安区、翔安区。虽然有83.7%以上的居民曾经听说过肺结核病,但对于肺结核的致病菌、临床表现、传播途径、传染源、预防方法的知晓率均较低。71.3%的居民认为结核病可以预防,仅有28.9%的居民知道接种卡介苗可以有效预防肺结核病。59.3%的居民知道"咳嗽、咳痰超过3周就可能得了肺结核",有45.0%的居民认为不会被传染上肺结核。结核病防治相关政策平均知晓率仅为47.8%。农村居民获取结核病防治知识的途径以电视为第一位(33.1%),其次是宣传材料(31.6%)。不同人群结核病知识的获取途径有所差别。结论厦门市农村居民结核病防治健康教育取得一定成效,但各区发展不平衡,居民对肺结核病防治知识及相关政策了解不够全面,对肺结核病的警惕性比较低。

Objective To understand the awareness status of the knowledge and policy of diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis among the residents of rural area in Xiamen, and so as to provide scientific evidences for the health education work of tuberculosis in Xiamen. Methods An indoor interview and questionnaire survey were conducted among 10895 residents in August 2006. Results The knowledge rate of tuberculosis among the respondents was 60.0% . 83.7% of the respondents had received tuberculosis health education. The aweaeness rate of germ, clinical performance, spread path, infection source and prevention method were all low. 71.3 % of the residents thought that the tuberculosis could be prevented. 28.9 % of the residents knew that inoculating BCG vaccine could effectively prevent from tuberculosis. 45.0 % of the residents thought that themselves would not be infected with tuberculosis. Awarene.ss rate of tuberculosis related policy was 47.8% . The main media that rural residents got the knowledge about tuberculosis was TV （33.1% ）, followed by communicating material （31.6 % ）. Different crowd obtained the tuberculosis knowledge through different media. Conclusion The tuberculosis health education obtained effective result in Xiamen, ahbongh the problem of area unbalance was exist. Still the residents in rural area didn ＇ t have enough knowledge and consciousness about tuberculosis.