发展中国家外向型产业集群与跨国公司定位决策——以苏州IT业为例的实证研究

Export-oriented Industry Cluster in Developing Countries and the Orientation Decision-making of Transnational Companies

外商直接投资理论强调跨国公司的垄断优势和东道国的区位优势决定外商直接投资的区位分布，跨国公司的定位决策取决于因产业地理集群所形成的竞争优势。作者讨论发展中国家外向型产业集群的经济优势对跨国公司定位决策的影响，并采用1997—2004年苏州IT业数据建立回归模型，引入外资产业集群规模、平均工资及地区开放度等变量来研究影响跨国公司定位的因素。统计分析表明，内部联系较紧密的产业集群能够吸引更多的外商直接投资，前期已经存在的外商投资对于后进的投资者在同一地区定位起到了较强的诱导作用。

FDI theory emphasizes that the monopoly advantage of transnational companies and the regional advantage of host countries determine the regional distribution of FDI and the orientation decision - making of transnational companies depends on the competitive advantage formed because of the geographic cluster of industries. The authors discuss the influence of the economic advantage of export - oriented industry cluster in developing countries on the orientation decision - making of transnational companies, establishes a regression model with the data from the IT industry of Suzhou in the years of 1997 - 2004, introduces such variables as the scale of foreign - capital industry cluster, average pay and regional opening degree to study the factors that influence the orientation of transnational companies. The statistical analysis shows that the industry clusters with close inner connection can attract more FDI and the FDI that exists in the earlier period has a strong abduction function to the orientation of later investors in the same area.